Teaching and learning Mathematics.

Report of a School Visit

1^st Day Observation:

I went in class nine one of my friends was teaching mathematics I got chance to mentoring his class I did not give any pre-information as I went there and make a detailed plan to check his classes on the basis of following content.

Knowledge of Curriculum:

Knowledge of curriculum is one of the importance factors of a teacher. If he does not have the knowledge of curriculum, he can’t make his learners ready for teaching so before going to a class, a teacher should have the depth knowledge of curriculum; without the knowledge of curriculum a teacher teaching activity will be fragile.

Course Content and Syllabus:

This is also one of the important portions of teaching. A teacher should have the deepness knowledge of course content and syllabus. If a teacher does not have the knowledge of course content and syllabus his teaching activities will not be productive. He should have the clear idea and sharing’s concerning to itinerary content and program of study.

Warm Up the Lesson:

The teacher did not warm up the lesson because he did not have knowledge of warm up activities. Warm up activities make classroom more interactive and funnier; it means if we warm up the lesson students will be ready for today’s lesson but the teacher, did not start accordingly.

Introduction of the Lesson:

Introduction of the lesson is one of the important parts of the lesson. Without introducing new lesson students will be puzzled hence before starting new lesson the teacher should introduce students about it clearly. Students should know what a teacher is going to teach today. Here the teacher should give clear instruction I did not see that activities productive.

Presentation of the New Lesson:

Presentation of the new lesson is one of the important in teaching. Here the teacher could not identify and present the new lesson the teacher should show different presentation to his students. In this case, he started directly traditional method of teaching. At first, he should have given clear introduction and then presentation one by one to his students so he followed traditional methods where it was not clear picture for all students and in my view, students were unclear.

Practice Activities:

In this step a teacher should provide more and more practice work. A teacher should give/creative different problems to different students and a teacher should check all students’ problems one by one if they feel some difficulty the teacher should assist them but here the teacher could not show any effective activities, also the teacher’s teaching activities shows traditional, I did not see any newness of his teaching activities.

Evaluation Part:

Evaluation part is one of the integral parts without evaluation a teacher’s lesson will be incomplete so to know about his teaching methods and lesson of new content a teacher must know about his student’s evaluation. A teacher should give different formats of question in different models to his students and while doing without give any clues the teacher should monitor their activities but the teacher here also did not care about evaluation part so this is also traditional method of his teaching. As judged by performance on a non-standardized text, they learned to do this well, and significantly outperformed matched controls. . The results were interpreted with reference to in holder and Piaget's work on the origins of scientific thinking. (Robbie Case, and Cathy Fry ,1973)

Assignment:

This is one of the last steps of teaching here a teacher arouses different assignments to his students and this is also a universal format of different schools or colleges. What kinds of homework a teacher should provide to his students but the teacher is here also looks unknown which is called traditional methods of teaching.

Motivational Tool:

This is also one of the important parts of teaching methodology a teacher should have created different motivational tool where they can understand about the lesson immediately but the teacher here also could not follow motivational tool found traditional way of teaching.

Eye Contact:

This is also one of the important parts of teaching where a teacher looks or checks all students whether they are doing appropriately or not so a teacher should give more focus in this part but the teacher’s role is found traditional.

Shape of The Class:

The shape of the classroom is almost square.

Doors and Windows:

Windows (glass) are in the both right and left side of the class and the only door is in the right side of the class. The door is not very much spacious.

Student Involvement and Participation:

Student involvement and participation is not very high. More over most of the participants are the conventional good students and most of them are sitting in the 1st bench

Classroom Questioning:

After finishing the lesson, she didn’t ask any question to the students.

Students’ Sitting System:

Each one sits in a 3-seater benches. benches have an insufficient distance with writing desk.

Use of White Board:

The blackboard is fixed in the wall of the class. It is not portable. It is in the middle of the front wall to the students. The color of the black board is all right and it is smooth to write with marker. The students were blocked while the teacher was writing in the board, so the direction was not appropriate.

Student Involvement and Participation:

Student involvement and participation is not very high. More over most of the participants are the conventional good students and most of them are sitting in the 1st bench.

Punishment and Reward:

He didn’t use any punishment and reward to absentees.

Classroom Control:

His classroom controlling power is really strong. No student disturbed the class while he gave his lesson. Only few students (about 7 out of 32) talked in the class while he was using the blackboard.

Learning Environment:

The environment was calm and quiet which is an obvious condition for a math lesson. But the environment was not fear free because of his way of punishment.

Teacher Student Relationship:

Teacher student relationship is not friendly, but grim. He maintains a big distance with them. Students are afraid of him and they also respect him. The teacher is caring but not frank to the students.

Way of Expressing:

He explained the issues clearly to the students with agile expression.

Expertise in His Particular Lesson:

He has a good expertise on his subject. He has another knowledge related to his subject beyond the textbook.

Beginning of the Lesson:

He could not make specific motivation for the lesson. So, his starting is quite good but not inspirational.

Punctuality:

He was on time for the class. He started his class at the right time and closed up his lesson before 5 minutes for me to introduce myself to the class.

Class Work Observation:

When he instructed to the students to write the classification of election, he observed the class work by walking and watching the activities of the students entering the passages between the columns. The size of achievement effect differed in different types of studies of grouping, however. Studies in which high-ability students received enriched instruction in honors classes produced especially clear effects. ( Chen-Lin C. Kulik, et al., 1982)

Voice And Tone:

‘Teacher’s voice is good but the voice was not loud and sharp for the class. It can be heard from the last bench. The changing tone of his voice creates some special situations or attention in the class, which is sometimes urgent.

Self-Reliance:

His face, attitude, behavior, talking shows that he is confident, confident about his expertise and controlling power.

2^nd Day My Visiting Class

2^nd day of observation in class nine one of my friends was teaching mathematics I got chance to mentoring his class I did not give any pre information as I went there and make a detailed plan to check his classes on the basis of following content.

Warm up the lesson:

The teacher did some warm up the lesson because he does have knowledge of warm up activities. Warm up activities made classroom more interactive and funnier and it means if we warm up the lesson students will be ready for today’s lesson but the teacher, did not start accordingly.

Introduction Of the Lesson:

Introduction of the lesson is one of the important parts of the lesson. Without introducing new lesson students will be puzzled so before starting new lesson the teacher should introduce students about the lesson clearly what is a teacher going to teach on that day, which lesson the teacher is going to teach. Here the teacher should give clear instruction, I did not see that activities productive.

Presentation of the New Lesson:

Presentation of the new lesson is one of the important in teaching. Here the teacher could not identify and present the new lesson. The teacher should show different presentation to his students, here also he started directly traditional method of teaching. At first, he should have given clear introduction and then presentation one by one to his students, but he followed traditional methods however it was clear picture for all students and in my view students seems clear.

Practice activities:

In this step a teacher should provide more and more practice work. A teacher should give/creative different problems to different students and should check all students’ problems one by one. If they feel some difficulty the teacher should assist them but here the teacher could not show any effective activities, also the teacher’s teaching activities shows traditional methodology, I did not see any newness of his teaching activities.

Evaluation Part:

Assignment:

This is one of the last steps of teaching here a teacher aroused different assignments to his students and this is also a prevalent format of different schools or colleges. What kinds of homework a teacher should provide to his students he should have been aware but the teacher here also looks unknown which is called traditional methods of teaching.

Motivational tool:

This is also one of the important parts of teaching methodology. A teacher should have created different motivational tool where they can understand about the lesson immediately but the teacher here also could not follow motivational tool; found traditional way of teaching.

Eye contact:

Student Involvement and Participation:

Student involvement and participation is not very high. More over most of the participants are the conventional good students and most of them are sitting in the 1st bench

Classroom Questioning:

After finishing the lesson, He didn’t ask any question to the students.

Use of whiteboard:

The white board was kept in the wall of the class. It was not portable but fixed. It was almost in the center front wall to the students. The color of the board is all right and it was smooth to write with marker. The teacher’s way of writing was also not appropriate, while writing something on the board but some students were blocked by himself too.

Student Involvement and Participation:

Student involvement and participation was very high. More over most of the participants were the conventional good students and most of them were sitting in the 1st bench.

Punishment and reward:

He showed some rewards and punishment activities to his on the basis of absentees.

Classroom control:

His classroom controlling power was really strong. No student disturbed in the class while he gave his lesson.

Learning environment:

The environment was calm and quiet which is an obvious condition for a math lesson. But the environment was not fear free because of his way of punishment.

Teacher student Relationship:

Teacher student relationship was not friendly, but grim. He maintained a big distance with them. Students were afraid of him and they also respect him. The teacher was caring but not so much frankly to the students.

Way of expressing:

He explained the issues clearly to the students with agile (alert) expression.

Expertise in his particular lesson:

He seemed to have a good expertise on his subject. He had another knowledge related to his subject beyond the textbook.

Beginning of the lesson:

He could not make specific motivation for the lesson. So, his starting was quite good and inspires.

Punctuality:

He was on time for the class. He started his class at the right time and closed up his lesson before 5 minutes for me to introduce myself to the class.

Class work observation:

Voice and Tone:

‘The teacher’s voice was loud and clear for the class. It can be heard from the last bench. The changing tone of his voice created some special situations or attention in the class, which is sometimes urgent too.

Self-Reliance:

His face, attitude, behavior, talking shows that he was confident, confident about his expertise and controlling power.

3^rd Day My Visiting Class (Mentoring)

Warm Up the Lesson:

The teacher warmed up the lesson because today I found he had knowledge of warm up activities. Because warm up activities makes classroom more interactive, fruitful and funny and it means if we warm up the lesson students will be ready for today’s lesson.

Introduction of the Lesson:

Introduction of the lesson was one of the important parts of the lesson. Without introducing new lesson students will be puzzled or confused so before starting new lesson the teacher should introduce students about today’s lesson clearly what was a teacher going to teach today, which lesson the teacher was going to present here the teacher should give clear instruction, I found productive.

Presentation of the New Lesson:

Presentation of the new lesson was one of the important in teaching. Here the teacher identified and presented the new lesson the teacher should show different presentation to his students here also he started directly traditional method of teaching at first he should have given clear introduction and then he should have presented the today’s lesson one by one to his students so he followed some of the new technique rather than old traditional methods where it was clear picture for all students and in my view students seemed clear in the compression of other days . Research reveals that dialogic classrooms have more egalitarian social organization, with authority over the content and form of discourse shared among discussion participants. ( Alina Reznitskaya et al., 2015)

Practice Activities:

In this step a teacher should provide more and more practice work a teacher should give/create different problems to different students and a teacher should check all students’ problems one by one if they feel some difficulty the teacher should support them but here the teacher could not show any effective activities, here also the teacher’s teaching activities shows traditional activities, I found some newness of his teaching activities.

Evaluation Part:

Evaluation part was one of the integral parts without evaluation a teacher’s lesson will be incomplete so to know about his teaching methods and lesson of new content a teacher must know about his student’s evaluation. Applying grounded theory to classroom dialogs and teacher interview data, we examine the dynamic interplay of the teacher's overarching goal and moment-to-moment pedagogical aims to understand shifts in his dialogic stance.( Mark Felton et al., 2022 ) A teacher should give different formats of question in different models to his students and while doing without give any clues the teacher should monitor their activities but the teacher here also did not care about evaluation part so this was also traditional method of teaching.

Assignment:

This was one of the last steps of teaching here a teacher arouses different assignments to his students and this was also a universal format of different schools or colleges. What kinds of homework a teacher should provide to his students but the teacher was looking unclear which was called traditional methods of teaching.

Motivational Tool:

This was also one of the important parts of teaching methodology a teacher should have created different motivational tool where they can understand about the lesson immediately but the teacher here also could not follow motivational tool found traditional way of teaching.

Eye Contact:

This is also one of the important parts of teaching where a teacher looks or checks all students whether they were doing appropriately or not so a teacher should give more focus in this part but the teacher’s role was found progressive in the comparison of other days.

Classroom Questioning:

After finishing the lesson, he didn’t ask any question to the students. Here lost his one of the important parts of evaluation.

Use of Whiteboard:

The blackboard was kept in the wall of the class. It was not portable but fixed. It was almost in the center of the front wall to the students. The color of the board was all right and it was smooth to write with marker. Here the teacher role should more progressive while using the board, he should show different example and explanation to his pupils, so here I found less use of white board. The teacher’s way of writing was also found progressive rather than other day’s appropriate, while writing something on the board but some students were blocking.

Student Involvement and Participation:

Student involvement and participation was found very high rather than other days. More over most of the participants were the conventional good students and most of them were sitting in the 1st bench.

Punishment and Reward:

One of the best alternatives was to attract the students was reward and punishment system. It plays pivotal role to students if we apply punishment and reward system. Here i didn’t see any Punishment and reward to absent student.

Classroom Control:

His classroom controlling power was really strong. No student disturbed in the class while he gave his lesson. Only few students (about 7 out of 32) talked in the class while she was using the blackboard.

Learning Environment:

The environment was calm and quiet which was an obvious condition for a math lesson. But the environment was not fear free because of his way of punishment.

Teacher Student Relationship:

Teacher student relationship was not friendly, but grim. He maintains a good relation with them. Students were found curious and they also respect him. The teacher was caring but not frank to the students.

Way of Expressing:

He explained the students clearly with agile expression.

Expertise In His Particular Lesson:

He had a good expertise on his subject. He had another knowledge related to his subject beyond the textbook.

Beginning of the Lesson:

He could not make specific motivation for the lesson. So his starting was quite good but not inspirational.

Punctuality:

He was on time for the class. He started his class at the right time and closed up his lesson before 5 minutes for me to introduce myself to the class.

Class Work Observation:

Voice And Tone:

‘Kamal’ sir voice was suitable for the class. It can be heard from the last bench. The changing tone of his voice creates some special situations or attention in the class, which was sometimes urgent.

Self-Reliance:

His face, attitude, behavior, talking shows that he was confident, confident about his expertise and controlling power.

The Skills and Competencies That I Learnt From The Class Observation Were Listed Below:

· To begin the class effectively.

· To be clear about the objectives and make students clear about the objectives of the particular lesson.

· To address the query of the students and handle the large class.

· To relate the previous day discussions before starting new lesson in the class.

· Encourage and reinforce students to shared their experiences and be enthusiastic and attentive towards student’s response and make classroom participated through group discussion, individual sharing.

· Try to focus on student-student interaction rather that teacher- student interaction.

· Encourage students to raised questions and provide opportunity to speak what they have learnt in the class.

· To deliver the content on the basis of learner’s response and by considering on the pace of the learner and needs of the learners.

· How to maintain discipline and built rapport in the class and summarize the content at last.

· We should have confidence and commanding voice while teaching in the class

· We should notice the whole class activities while teaching.

· Provide key points in the class which facilitate students to learn effectively.

· Use humor in the class because it provides refreshment to the students.

· Try to compare and link the text with real life event /situation.

Thank you.

For further information get to the link:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/19zSj6BDjOGEW02hhXcm5VNYgL8GHsOZL/view?usp=share_link

References:

Evaluation of an attempt to teach scientific inquiry and criticism in a working-class high school

Scientific argumentation and responsive teaching: Using dialog to teach science in three middle-school classrooms

Positively Transforming Classroom Practice Through Dialogic Teaching

Effects of Ability Grouping on Secondary School Students: A Meta-analysis of Evaluation Findings

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Teaching and learning Mathematics.

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